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US168 / US169
Low Noise & Low voltage Single-Coil Fan/Motor Driver Features and Benefits
Soft Switching for low noise Low supply voltage: 1.8V to 6.5V Full Bridge driver High sensitivity integrated Hall sensor Low power consumption Reverse voltage protection Locked rotor protection and auto-restart Thermal protection and auto-restart Tachometer output signal (US168) or Alarm output signal (US169)
Applications Examples
3V / 5V Low Noise BLDC Cooling Fans Low Voltage / Low Power BLDC Motors Notebook DC Fans / Blowers Automotive Low Noise Climate Control Fans Micro-Motors
Ordering Information
Part No. US168 US169 Temperature Code E (-40 to 85 C C) E (-40 to 85 C C) Package Code SE (TSOT-5L) SE (TSOT-5L)
1 Functional Diagram
2 General Description
The US168/169 is a one-chip solution for driving single-coil brushless DC fans and motors. The use of Melexis Soft Switching concept lowers the acoustic and electrical motor noise and provides smoother operation. The device includes reverse voltage protection, locked rotor protection and thermal protection. Therefore, the IC robustness perfectly suits for consumer and automotive-on-board applications. Tachometer (FG) or Alarm (RD) open-drain output is available. It makes easier the connectivity with external interface such as hardware monitoring or Super I/O IC. Delivered in a thin and reliable TSOT package, it allows smaller and competitive single-coil fan or motor design, avoiding the need of external components.
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Data Sheet July/06
US168 / US169
Low Noise & Low voltage Single-Coil Fan/Motor Driver Table of Contents
1 Functional Diagram ........................................................................................................ 1 2 General Description........................................................................................................ 1 3 Glossary of Terms .......................................................................................................... 3 4 Absolute Maximum Ratings ........................................................................................... 3 5 Pin Definitions and Descriptions................................................................................... 3 6 General Electrical Specifications .................................................................................. 4 7 Magnetic Specifications ................................................................................................. 4 8 Outputs Behaviour vs. Magnetic Pole........................................................................... 4 9 Detailed General Description ......................................................................................... 5 10 Unique Features............................................................................................................ 6 11 Typical Performance Graphs ....................................................................................... 7
11.1 RON vs. TA ................................................................................................................................................7 11.2 RON vs. VDD ..............................................................................................................................................7 11.3 Magnetic Parameters vs. TA ....................................................................................................................7 11.4 Magnetic Parameters vs. VDD ..................................................................................................................7 11.5 Slope duration vs. TA ...............................................................................................................................7 11.6 Slope duration vs. VDD .............................................................................................................................7 11.7 IDD vs. VDD ................................................................................................................................................8 11.8 VOL vs. TA .................................................................................................................................................8 11.9 Power dissipation graph ..........................................................................................................................8 11.10 Recommended maximum continuous output current vs. VDD ...............................................................8
12 Test Circuits .................................................................................................................. 9
12.1 Supply Current.........................................................................................................................................9 12.2 Full Bridge ON Resistance ......................................................................................................................9 12.3 Output Switching Slope Duration.............................................................................................................9 12.4 Soft Switching Threshold Voltage............................................................................................................9 12.5 FG/RD Output Low Voltage .....................................................................................................................9 12.6 FG/RD Output Current Limit ....................................................................................................................9 12.7 FG/RD Output Leakage Current..............................................................................................................9 12.8 Thermal Protection ..................................................................................................................................9
13 Application Information.............................................................................................. 10 14 Application Comments ............................................................................................... 10 15 Standard information regarding manufacturability of Melexis products with different soldering processes......................................................................................... 11 16 ESD Precautions ......................................................................................................... 11 17 Package Information................................................................................................... 12 18 Disclaimer.................................................................................................................... 13
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US168 / US169
Low Noise & Low voltage Single-Coil Fan/Motor Driver 3 Glossary of Terms
Gauss, milliTesla (mT), Single-coil motor Full-Bridge (H-Bridge) Peak output current Continuous output current Locked rotor FG RD Units of magnetic flux density : 10 Gauss = 1mT DC motor with only one coil driven by a Full-Bridge. Two push-pull output drivers that can source or sink current. The current flowing in the coil at start-up, only limited by the coil resistance RCOIL and the output driver resistance RDSON. Average absolute value of the output current when the fan is spinning The state when the fan is not spinning due to mechanical blockage. Frequency Generator Rotation Detection
4 Absolute Maximum Ratings
Parameter Supply Voltage Voltage on FG (RD) pin Peak Output Current Continuous Output Current Multi-layer (1S2P) PCB Single-layer (1S0P) PCB Symbol VDD VFG (VRD) IOUTp IOUTc IOUTc TA TJ TS B Value -7 to 7 -6 to 7 500 350 300 -40 to 85 125 -50 to 150 Unlimited 1500 5000 Units V V mA mA mA C C C mT V V
Operating Temperature Range Junction Temperature Storage Temperature Range Magnetic Flux Density ESD Sensitivity (Global) (1) ESD Sensitivity on all pins except FG/RD (1) Table 1: Absolute maximum ratings
Note 1: Human Body Model according JESD22-A114 standard - 100pF capacitor discharged through 1.5k resistor into each pin.
Exceeding the absolute maximum ratings may cause permanent damage. Exposure to absolute-maximumrated conditions for extended periods may affect device reliability.
5 Pin Definitions and Descriptions
Pin Number Pin Name Function 1 OUT1 Coil Driver 1 2 GND Ground pin 3 VDD Power Supply pin 4 FG (RD) Tachometer (Alarm) open drain output 5 OUT2 Coil Driver 2 Table 2: Pin description US168 (US169)
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Low Noise & Low voltage Single-Coil Fan/Motor Driver 6 General Electrical Specifications
Operating Parameters at TA = 25 C, VDD = 3V / 5V (unless otherwise specified) Symbol Test Conditions VDD Operating IDD No load on OUT1/OUT2 TA = 25C VDD = 5V TA = 85C Output ON Resistance (Full Bridge) RON TA = 25C VDD = 3V TA = 85C FG / RD Output Low Voltage VOL IOL = 4mA FG / RD Output Leakage Current ILEAK VDD = 6.5V FG / RD Output Current Limit IFGLIM VDD = 5V Soft Switching Threshold Voltage VDDsw Output Switching Slope Duration TSW VDD = 5V Output Switching Slope Duration TSW VDD = 3V Locked Rotor ON Time TON Locked Rotor OFF Time TOFF Thermal Protection Shutdown TSD Note 2 Thermal Protection Release TREL Note 2 Thermal Protection Hysteresis THYST Note 2 (3) Sensing Propagation Delay TSENSE Multi-layer JEDEC test board Package Thermal Resistance RTH 1-layer JEDEC test board Table 3: Electrical specifications Parameter Supply Voltage Supply Current Min 1.8 Typ 1.3 2.2 2.7 2.7 3.3 0.35 16 1.8 150 230 0.4 2.4 160 130 30 37 195 301 Max 6.5 2.5 3.8 4.7 4.7 5.9 0.5 10 2.5 Units V mA V A mA V s s s s C C C s C/Watt
o
Note 2: Guarantied by design Note 3: The sensing propagation delay represents the delay from the magnetic field change (B>BOP or B7 Magnetic Specifications
DC Operating Parameters at TA = 25 C, VDD = 3V / 5V (unless otherwise specified) Parameter Symbol Test Conditions Operate point BOP Release point BRP Hysteresis BHYST Table 4: Magnetic specifications Min 0 -5 2 Typ 3 -3 6 Max 5 0 10 Units mT mT mT
o
8 Outputs Behaviour vs. Magnetic Pole
Parameter Test conditions OUT1 South pole B > BOP High North pole B < BRP Low Table 5: Outputs behaviour vs. magnetic pole OUT2 Low High FG Low High
Note : The magnetic pole is applied facing the branded side of the package.
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US168 / US169
Low Noise & Low voltage Single-Coil Fan/Motor Driver 9 Detailed General Description
The US168/169 is an efficient one-chip solution for driving Brushless DC fans and motors. The IC includes Hall-effect sensor, chopping amplifier for offset cancellation, digital control circuitry and full bridge output driver. The US168 has an open-drain tachometer FG output that follows the Hall signal. In the US169, the open-drain alarm output RD is active low during normal spinning of the motor. It goes high when the magnetic flux switching frequency drops below nearly 1Hz (30RPM for 2 pole-pair fan). Reverse voltage protection is integrated on the VDD pin. The FG/RD open drain output has an internal current limit. It can be activated if a low-ohmic pull-up resistor is used or if the FG/RD output is short connected to a supply voltage. The built-in locked rotor protection automatically shuts off the coil current when the rotor is mechanically blocked for more than 0.4 second. The fan tries to restart every 2.8 seconds until the rotor is released. This on/off cycling reduces the average current by factor of 7. It is enough to prevent fans from overheating or damage.
In case the junction temperature TJ exceeds TSD, the thermal protection stops the current flowing through the full bridge by setting the outputs OUT1 and OUT2 low and setting the output FG (RD) high. The IC stays in this state until the junction temperature decreases below TREL.
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Low Noise & Low voltage Single-Coil Fan/Motor Driver 10 Unique Features
The US168/169 provides an efficient solution for low noise applications. The Soft Switching concept reduces the acoustic and electrical motor noise with a smooth transition of the coil current when VDD is greater than VDDsw,.
Soft Switching coil current compared to hard switching
The smooth current switching is realized by a precise control of the H-Bridge output voltages, as shown on the figures below:
(A) VOUT1 > VOUT2 - the coil current flows from OUT1 to OUT2.
(B) VOUT1 decreases while VOUT2 increases, thus reducing smoothly the coil current.
At a certain moment, the coil current equals zero. VOUT1 further decreases while VOUT2 increases, so the coil current starts flowing in the opposite direction.
(C) VOUT1 < VOUT2 - the coil current flows from OUT2 to OUT1.
Soft Switching Output Voltages
(A)
(B)
(C)
This technique used in a Full Bridge allows producing efficient motor with very low audible noise. Moreover, Soft Switching approach versus traditional hard switching helps reducing the Electro Magnetic Interference (EMI) generated by the coil.
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Low Noise & Low voltage Single-Coil Fan/Motor Driver 11 Typical Performance Graphs
11.1 RON vs. TA
5 VDD = 3V VDD = 5V 4 5 Ron (ohms) Ron (ohms) 3 6 Ta = -40 C Ta = 25 C Ta = 85 C Ta = 125C
11.2 RON vs. VDD
7
4
2
3
2 1 1
0 -40 -20 0 20 40 Ta (C) 60 80 100 120
0 0 1 2 3 VDD (Volts) 4 5 6 7
11.3 Magnetic Parameters vs. TA
5 4 3 2 Magnetic field (mT) 1 0 -1 -2 -3 -4 -5 -40 -20 0 20 40 Ta ( C) 60 80 100 120 Bop, VDD=3V Brp, VDD=3V Bop, VDD=5V Brp, VDD=5V
11.4 Magnetic Parameters vs. VDD
5 4 3 2 Magnetic field (mT) 1 0 -1 -2 -3 -4 -5 0 1 2 3 VDD (Volts) 4 5 6 7 Bop, Ta=25C Brp, Ta=25 C Bop, Ta=85 C Brp, Ta=85C
11.5 Slope duration vs. TA
300 250
11.6 Slope duration vs. VDD
700 600
500 Output Slope (us) Output Slope (us) 200 Ta = 25 C 400 Ta = 85 C
150
300
100 VDD = 3V 50 VDD = 5V
200
100
0 -40 -20 0 20 40 Ta (C) 60 80 100 120
0 0 1 2 3 VDD (Volts) 4 5 6 7
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Data Sheet July/06
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Low Noise & Low voltage Single-Coil Fan/Motor Driver
11.7 IDD vs. VDD
1.5
11.8 VOL vs. TA
0.5 FG/RD Output Saturation Voltage (Volts)
0.4
1 IDD (mA)
0.3
VDD=3V ; Iol=4mA VDD=5V ; Iol=4mA
Ta = -40C 0.5 Ta = 25C Ta = 85C Ta = 125 C
0.2
0.1
0 0 1 2 3 VDD (Volts) 4 5 6 7
0 -40 -20 0 20 40 Ta (C) 60 80 100 120
11.9 Power dissipation graph
0.6
Mutli Layer PCB Pmax = 512mW
11.10 Recommended maximum continuous output current vs. VDD
400 350 Single Layer PCB, Ta=25 C
TA = 25 C
0.5 Allowable Power Dissipation (W)
0.4
Single Layer PCB Pmax = 332mW
RTH 1S2P = 195 C/W
Continuous Output Current (mA)
3V, 300mA 300 250 200 150 100 1.8V, 80mA 50
0.3
TA max = 85 C
0.2
RTH 1S = 301C/W
0.1
TJ max = 125C
0 -40 -20 0 20 40 60 Ta (C) 80 100 120 140
0 0 1 2 3 VDD (Volts) 4 5 6 7
The thermal resistance and rated power dissipation are defined in accordance with EIA/JESD51-3 standard for single layer 1S test board and EIAJESD51-7 standard for multi layer 1S2P test board.
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Data Sheet July/06
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Low Noise & Low voltage Single-Coil Fan/Motor Driver 12 Test Circuits
General test principles illustrated in the figures below DUT = Device Under Test
12.1 Supply Current
12.2 Full Bridge ON Resistance
12.3 Output Switching Slope Duration
12.4 Soft Switching Threshold Voltage
12.5 FG/RD Output Low Voltage
12.6 FG/RD Output Current Limit
12.7 FG/RD Output Leakage Current
A
ILEAK FG/RD OUT1 VDD VDD
12.8 Thermal Protection
DUT
OUT2
GND
Note 1 - ILEAK is measured when the FG/RD driver is OFF
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Data Sheet July/06
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Low Noise & Low voltage Single-Coil Fan/Motor Driver 13 Application Information
VDD - supply voltage (3V / 5V)
3 2
100nF
Optional
1
VDD
GND
OUT1
VPU - pull-up voltage (5V) 10k
4
US168(US169)
FG(RD) OUT2
5
Fan/Motor Coil
FG(RD) Output
Typical 3V / 5V fan application
14 Application Comments
The device is designed to work without external components. Application using FG/RD output signal requires a pull-up resistor. The pull-up voltage can be either connected to the supply voltage VDD or to a separate supply voltage VPU. A 100nF decoupling capacitor may be added between VDD and ground to increase stability or protect against external noise and power surge. The Soft Switching provides the best results when the fan PCB is optimized as well. The location of the Hall sensor with respect to the fan stator slots is important to make an efficient motor with high torque, low power consumption and low noise. Therefore, it is recommended to adapt the fan PCB when using soft switching instead of replacing existing hard switching solution without any PCB redesign.
Hall sensor magnetic field
TINPUT
The different IC delays are illustrated on the left figure. In order to determine the optimum Hall sensor position for a given rotation speed, it is recommended to use the parameters TCROSS (output voltages cross point delay) and the delays related to the motor itself.
Cross point
Bop
TSENSE
"Control Logic" block output
Output Voltages
VOUT1
TCROSS is the sum of the sensing propagation delay TSENSE and 54% of the output slope duration TSLOPE.
VOUT2
54% TSLOPE TCROSS = TSENSE + 54% TSLOPE
The delays from the motor are TINPUT (delay from zero to magnetic threshold depending on rotor maximum magnetic field) and the motor coil time constant.
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Data Sheet July/06
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Low Noise & Low voltage Single-Coil Fan/Motor Driver
15 Standard information regarding manufacturability of Melexis products with different soldering processes
Our products are classified and qualified regarding soldering technology, solderability and moisture sensitivity level according to following test methods: Reflow Soldering SMD's (Surface Mount Devices) * IPC/JEDEC J-STD-020 Moisture/Reflow Sensitivity Classification for Nonhermetic Solid State Surface Mount Devices (classification reflow profiles according to table 5-2) EIA/JEDEC JESD22-A113 Preconditioning of Nonhermetic Surface Mount Devices Prior to Reliability Testing (reflow profiles according to table 2)
*
Wave Soldering SMD's (Surface Mount Devices) and THD's (Through Hole Devices) * * EN60749-20 Resistance of plastic- encapsulated SMD's to combined effect of moisture and soldering heat EIA/JEDEC JESD22-B106 and EN60749-15 Resistance to soldering temperature for through-hole mounted devices
Iron Soldering THD's (Through Hole Devices) * EN60749-15 Resistance to soldering temperature for through-hole mounted devices
Solderability SMD's (Surface Mount Devices) and THD's (Through Hole Devices) * EIA/JEDEC JESD22-B102 and EN60749-21 Solderability
For all soldering technologies deviating from above mentioned standard conditions (regarding peak temperature, temperature gradient, temperature profile etc) additional classification and qualification tests have to be agreed upon with Melexis. The application of Wave Soldering for SMD's is allowed only after consulting Melexis regarding assurance of adhesive strength between device and board. Melexis is contributing to global environmental conservation by promoting lead free solutions. For more information on qualifications of RoHS compliant products (RoHS = European directive on the Restriction Of the use of certain Hazardous Substances) please visit the quality page on our website: http://www.melexis.com/quality.aspx
16 ESD Precautions
Electronic semiconductor products are sensitive to Electro Static Discharge (ESD). Always observe Electro Static Discharge control procedures whenever handling semiconductor products.
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Data Sheet July/06
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Low Noise & Low voltage Single-Coil Fan/Motor Driver
17 Package Information
2.90+/-0.20
1.90 BSC
see note 3
0.95 BSC
0.30 0.45
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Data Sheet July/06
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Low Noise & Low voltage Single-Coil Fan/Motor Driver
18 Disclaimer
Devices sold by Melexis are covered by the warranty and patent indemnification provisions appearing in its Term of Sale. Melexis makes no warranty, express, statutory, implied, or by description regarding the information set forth herein or regarding the freedom of the described devices from patent infringement. Melexis reserves the right to change specifications and prices at any time and without notice. Therefore, prior to designing this product into a system, it is necessary to check with Melexis for current information. This product is intended for use in normal commercial applications. Applications requiring extended temperature range, unusual environmental requirements, or high reliability applications, such as military, medical life-support or life-sustaining equipment are specifically not recommended without additional processing by Melexis for each application. The information furnished by Melexis is believed to be correct and accurate. However, Melexis shall not be liable to recipient or any third party for any damages, including but not limited to personal injury, property damage, loss of profits, loss of use, interrupt of business or indirect, special incidental or consequential damages, of any kind, in connection with or arising out of the furnishing, performance or use of the technical data herein. No obligation or liability to recipient or any third party shall arise or flow out of Melexis' rendering of technical or other services. (c) 2005 Melexis NV. All rights reserved.
For the latest version of this document, go to our website at www.melexis.com Or for additional information contact Melexis Direct: Europe and Japan:
Phone: +32 1367 0495 E-mail: sales_europe@melexis.com
All other locations:
Phone: +1 603 223 2362 E-mail: sales_usa@melexis.com
ISO/TS 16949 and ISO14001 Certified
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Data Sheet July/06

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